ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN FRESHWATER FISHPONDS USING SENSOR-BASED MONITORING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/nzwyhe76Keywords:
Freshwater aquaculture, pH, temperature, turbidity, sensor-based monitoringAbstract
Maintaining appropriate physicochemical conditions is essential for freshwater aquaculture because water quality directly influences fish health, growth, survival, and pond productivity. Sensor-based monitoring provides a practical approach for evaluating changing aquatic conditions through repeated measurements of key environmental parameters. A quantitative, observational, secondary-data-based study was conducted using 591 freshwater fish-pond observations representing 11 fish categories. The analysis focused on pH, temperature, and turbidity. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize overall conditions, species-wise differences were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine relationships among the physicochemical parameters. The findings demonstrated clear variability in pH, temperature, and turbidity across the fish categories. Pangas showed comparatively higher pH conditions, while koi had lower pH levels. Prawn was associated with higher temperatures, whereas tilapia showed lower thermal conditions. Greater turbidity was observed in magur and karpio. Species-wise differences were statistically significant for all three parameters. Correlation analysis showed weak negative relationships of pH with temperature and turbidity, while temperature had a moderate positive association with turbidity. The study confirms that physicochemical water conditions vary considerably across freshwater fish categories and that these parameters are interrelated. Sensor-based monitoring can support timely assessment of pond conditions and strengthen practical water-quality management in freshwater aquaculture.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Daniel M. Carter, Dr. Elena R. Moretti, Dr. Michael A. Williams
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