NOSOCOMIAL BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS IN ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED TO AL JUMHORIA HOSPITAL -BENGHAZI-LIBYA

Authors

  • Abdurrahman A. Akarem Biotechnology Research center Tripoli –Libya
  • Asma S. EL rammly High institute of compressive professions, Gamins – Libya
  • Hafsa A.Alemam Biotechnology Research center Tripoli –Libya
  • Mohamed Abdul sammad Biotechnology Research center Tripoli –Libya
  • Jamal A. Alammari Botany Department, faculty of science, University Elbeida – Libya
  • Salha F. Ben Gwirif Botany Department, faculty of science, University Elbeida – Libya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53555/eijas.v3i1.133

Keywords:

Nosocomial blood stream, Intensive care unit, Methicillin resistance staphylococcusaureus, Antibiotic Susceptibility

Abstract

As little information of antibiotic resistance in Libya is known.This study included 937 patients admitted to Al Jamhoryia hospital, Benghazi during 20092010.The results showed that rate of nosocomial blood stream infection (BSI) was 28% in 2009 and 27% in 2010 with the highest percentage of ICU (61%) in 2009. This study also showed that in 2009, the most frequently isolated bacteria among staphylococci was methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However methicillin resistant Coagulase negative staphylococci accounted for (27.4%) Klebsiellapneumoniaere presented the highest percentage followed by Escherichia coli, S. hominis, S. aurues, S. epidermides, and Acinetobacterbaumannii. The rate of infection recorded in 2010 was (52.5%). This study showed that MRSA was the most prevalent pathogen. S. aurues isolates represented the highest percentage among all bacteria isolated (24.8%) followed by E. coli % S. hominis and S. epidermides. The occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria was 15.9% and 14.9% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that Gram-positive isolates exhibited higher sensitivity patterns toward Rifampin (95.8%) followed by Teicoplanin (91.6%), Ciprofloxacin (90.2%), Vancomycin (87.4%), and Linezolid (84). High rate of resistance was observed against penicillins and 3rd generation cephalosporins. The rate of antibiotic resistant bacteria causing NBSI is increasing among Gram-positive and negative bacteria and creates a serious health problem in hospitals. 

References

. Zotti, C. M., G. MessoriIoli, et al. (2004). "Hospital-acquired infections in Italy: a region wide prevalence study." J HospInfect56 (2): 1429.

. Tortora,G.J., B.R.Funk,et al .(2010).microbiology .an introduction sanfrancisco ,CA,pearson Benjamin Cummings.

. Wenzel, R. P., M. D. Nettleman, et al. (1991). "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: implications for the 1990s and effective control measures." Am J Med91 (3B): 221S227S.

. Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK, Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United Stateshospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:239-44.

. Suljagic, V., M. Cobeljic, et al. (2005). "Nosocomial bloodstream infections in ICU and non-ICU patients."Am J Infect Control33 (6): 333-40.

. Ahmed, S. H., E. A. Daef, et al. (2009). "Nosocomial blood stream infection in intensive care units at Assiut University Hospitals (Upper Egypt) with special reference to extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms." BMC Res Notes2: 76.

. Khayat, M., T. Albounni, et al. (2007). "Coagulase positive and negative staphylococci as reasons of septicaemia."Tishreen University Journal for studies and scientific Research.

. Wisplinghoff, H., W. Perbix, et al. (1999). "Risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Acinetobacterbaumannii: a case-control study of adult burn patients." Clin Infect Dis28 (1): 59-66.

. Broderick A, Mori M, Nettleman MD, Streed SA, Wenzel RP.Nosocomial infections: validation of surveillance and computermodeling to identify patients at risk. Am J Epidemiol1990; 131:734-42.

. Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:239-44.

. Brumfitt, W. and J. Hamilton-Miller (1989)."Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus."N Engl J Med320 (18): 1188-96.

. Gold, H. S. and R. C. Moellering, Jr. (1996). "Antimicrobial-drug resistance." N Engl J Med335 (19): 1445-53.

. Nickerson, E. K., M. Hongsuwan, et al. (2009). "Staphylococcus aureusbacteraemia in a tropical setting: patient outcome and impact of antibiotic resistance." PLoSOne4 (1): e4308.

. Hsueh, P. R., W. H. Chen, et al. (2005). "Relationships between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections from 1991-2003 at a university hospital in Taiwan."Int J Antimicrob Agents26 (6): 463-72.

. Wendt, C., B. Dietze, et al. (1997). "Survival of Acinetobacterbaumannii on dry surfaces."J ClinMicrobiol35 (6): 1394-7.

. Bergogne-Berezin, E. and K. J. Towner (1996). "Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features." ClinMicrobiolRev9 (2): 148-65.

. Cisneros, J. M., M. J. Reyes, et al. (1996). "Bacteremia due to Acinetobacterbaumannii: epidemiology, clinical findings, and prognostic features." Clin Infect Dis22 (6): 1026-32.

. Deris, Z. Z., A. Harun, et al. (2009). "The prevalence and risk factors of nosocomial Acinetobacter blood stream infections in tertiary teaching hospital in north-eastern Malaysia." Trop Biomed26 (2): 123-9, 219-22.

. Lim, K. T., C. C. Yeo, et al. (2009). "Characterization of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiellapneumoniae strains from Malaysian hospitals."J Med Microbiol58 (Pt 11): 1463-9.

. Casewell, M. W., H. G. Talsania, et al. (1981). "Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiellaaerogenesas a clinically-significant source of transferable antibiotic resistance."J AntimicrobChemother8 (2): 153-60.

. Curie, K., D. C. Speller, et al. (1978). "A hospital epidemic caused by gentamicinresistant Klebsiellaaerogenes."J Hyg (Lond) 80(1): 115-23.

. Rennie, R. P. and I. B. Duncan (1977)."Emergence of gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella in a general hospital."Antimicrob Agents Chemother11 (2): 179-84.

. Mayer, K. H. (1986). "Review of epidemic aminoglycoside resistance worldwide." Am J Med80 (6B): 56-64..

. Ndugulile, F., R. Jureen, et al . (2005). "Extended spectrum beta-lactamases among Gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin from an intensive care unit of a tertiary health facility in Tanzania." BMC Infect Dis5: 86.

. Phillips, I., S. Eykyn, et al. (1988). "Epidemic multiresistant Escherichia coli infection in West Lambeth Health District."Lancet1 (8593): 1038-41.

. French, G. L., K. P. Shannon, et al. (1996). "Hospital outbreak of Klebsiellapneumoniae resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and beta-lactam-betalactamase inhibitor combinations by hyperproduction of SHV-5 beta-lactamase."J ClinMicrobiol34 (2): 358-63.

. Hart, C. A. (1993)."Klebsiellae and neonates."J HospInfect23 (2): 83-6.

. Gerding, D. N., A. E. Buxton, et al. (1979). "Nosocomial multiply resistant Klebsiellapneumoniae: epidemiology of an outbreak of apparent index case origin." Antimicrob Agents Chemother15 (4): 608-15.

. Donowitz, L. G., R. P. Wenzel, et al. (1982). "High risk of hospital-acquired infection in the ICU patient."Crit Care Med10 (6): 355-7.

. Jarvis, W. R., J. R. Edwards, et al. (1996). "Nosocomial infection rates in adult and pediatric intensive care units in the United States.National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System."Am J Med91 (3B): 185S-191S.

. Richards, M. J., J. R. Edwards, et al. (1999). "Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States.National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System."Crit Care Med27 (5): 887-92.

. Superti, S. V., G. Augusti, et al. (2009). "Risk factors for and mortality of extendedspectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiellapneumoniae and Escherichia coli nosocomial bloodstream infections."Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo51 (4): 211-6.

. Garcia-Garmendia, J.L., Ortiz-Leyba, C.,Garnacho-Montero, J., Jimenez-,F.J., Perez-Paredes, C., Barrero-Almodovar, A.E. &Gili Miner, M. (2001).Risk factors for Acinetobacterbaumanniinosocomial bacteremia in critically ill patients: a cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 33: 939-46.

. Bang, R.L., Gang, R.K., Sanyal, S.C., Mokaddas, E. &Ebrahim, M.K. (1998).Burn septicaemia: An analysis of 79 patients.Burns 24: 354-36.

. Santucci, S.G., Gobara, S., Santos, C.R.,Fontana, C. & Levin, A.S. (2003).Infections in a burn intensive care unit:Experience of seven years. Journal of Hospital Infection 53: 613.

Downloads

Published

2017-03-27

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2017): EPH - International Journal of Applied Science ( ISSN: 2208-2182 )

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2017 EPH - International Journal of Applied Science (ISSN: 2208-2182)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.